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Английский язык

1. Начальная школа

2. Средняя школа

3. ОГЭ - английский язык

4. ЕГЭ - английский язык

5. Топики по английскому языку

6. ГДЗ по английскому языку

7. Английский для детей

8. Учебные пособия, самоучители

9. Учебные пособия (на англ. языке)

10. Учебные сайты

Ответы (ГДЗ). Английский язык. 7 класс. Рабочая тетрадь. Spotlight. Ваулина Ю.Е., Дули Дж. и др.

М.: 2013, - 224 с.

Приведены ответы к наиболее важным упражнениям из рабочей тетради. Ответы должны помочь учащимся в проверке своих знаний, не менее полезными они окажутся для их родителей и преподавателей.
 

 Ответы к учебнику

 Ответы к рабочей тетради

 

Модуль 1

Раздел la — A city mouse or a country mouse?      p.5

1. Соедини слова, чтобы получились словосочетания.

b;         3) d;

с;         4) а.

2. Заполни пропуски подходящими словами.

1)  lead;                       4) landscapes;

2)  convenient; 5) constant;

3)  unemployment;       6) isolated.

3. Поставь глаголы в скобках в настоящее простое время или в настоящее продолжен­ное время.

1)  Does he like;          5) don't know;

2)  is going;                 6) starts;

3)  I'm flying;               7) always calls.

4)  wants;

4. Прочитай и выбери А, В или С.

1) С;   2) В;   3) А;   4) В;   5) А.

 

Раздел lb Better safe than sorry    p.6

1. Обведи правильное слово.

1)  peephole;    4) installing;

2)  run after;     5) switched.

3)  broke;

2. Образуй от прилагательных наречия и дополни предложения.

1)  carefully;     4) properly;

2)  badly;         5) surely;

3)  safely;         6) really.

3. Дополни предложения правильными фра­зовыми глаголами.

1)  run after;     3) run out.

2)  run into;

4. Кто-то забрал кошелёк Мэтта. Помоги Мэтту быть более острожным. Используй фразы, чтобы дать ему совет.

1.  You shouldn't carry a lot of money with you.

2.  You should use a belt bag.

3.  You shouldn't keep your wallet in your back pocket.

4.  You should be careful in crowded places.

5. Выбери правильный ответ для каждого вопроса.

1) а;   2) b;   3) а;     4) b.

 

Раздел 1с — Hanging out    p.7

1. Соедини слова, чтобы получились словосочетания.

1) е;       2) f;       3) d;       4) b;       5) а;       6) с.

2. Прочитай описания мест, которые ты можешь посетить в свое свободное время. Каким словом можно назвать каждое место?

1)  shopping centre;     4) carousel;

2)  attraction;               5) theatre.

3)  exhibition;

3. Обведи правильный предлог.

1)  on;              4) on;        7) out.

2)  about;         5) to;

3)  from;          6) for;

Текст аудиозаписи Unit 1c, ex. 4 (p. 7)

1 What is Nathan doing this afternoon?

A: What time is it, Phil?

B: It’s half past four.

A: Where’s Nathan?

B: He’s at a restaurant with his friends.

A: He can’t be. His friends are having a picnic at the park.

B: Oh, here’s a note from him saying that he’s at the shopping mall.

A: Oh no! There goes all his pocket money.

2 What time does the party start?

A: Oh come on, Jane! We’re late! Everybody’s waiting for us.

B: OK, OK. I’ll be ready in a minute.

A: It’s 6:45. By the time we get there...

B: The party is at 7:30, isn’t it?

A: No, it isn’t. It says here on the invitation that the party starts at 6:30.

B: Oh no! We’re going to be really late!

3 What is Pat doing at the weekend?

A: Hey, Pat. What are you doing?

B: I’m shopping for some things I need for the weekend.

A: Are you going surfing with Jenny again?

B: No, Jenny is going skating.

A: Oh, skating sounds fun.

B: Actually, skating is not really my kind of thing. I’m going canoeing with my brother.

4 What’s the weather like?

A: Do you have any plans for today, George?

B: Nothing much. I was thinking of taking it easy.

A: Oh, come on! Now that the rain has stopped, we should do something outdoors! It’s quite warm.

B: Well, actually it’s really hot! I’d rather stay in and surf the Net or read a book in the air conditioning room.

5 Where is Sally going on Sunday afternoon?

A: Hey Sally, you look tanned! Have you been surfing at the beach again?

B: No, we had plans to go there yesterday but we didn’t because my sister wanted to visit Oceanworld instead.

A: Did you enjoy it?

B: Oh, yes! We saw some dolphins there. The best part of the weekend though is coming this afternoon.

A: Really? What are you going to do?

B: I am going to Manly Skatepark. It’s such fun there!

 

Writing (an article)    p.8

1. b) Взгляни на текст и найди прилага­тельные, которые описывают данные сло­ва.

1) huge;           3) large;

2) tall;             4) beautiful;

5) fresh;           7) amazing;

6) lovely;          8) massive.

2. Теперь ответь на следующие вопросы.

1.  It is in Hampstead, North London.

2.  It is 10 km long.

3.  We can see 25 pretty ponds, hundreds of tall trees, many large playing fields.

4.  We can swim in the ponds, walk around the lovely gardens, explore the scenic trails, see some amazing birds, skate on the ice rink.

(Suggested Answer)

Para 1 My favourite place is Genoa in Northern Italy. The city centre is 5km long and 3km wide.

Para 2 There are many things to see there. You can see an old pirate ship in the port, the sea and the beaches, and look at all the beautiful clothes that the Italians love to wear. There are many things to do there. You can go swimming in the sea, visit lots of restaurants and go on a boat to all the beaches that are nearby.

Para 3 Genoa is my favourite place because whether you want to relax, have fun or see the sights, there is something there for everyone!

 

Grammar Practice 1     p.9

1. Используй настоящее простое или на­ стоящее продолженное время, чтобы до­полнить диалог.

1)  Are you enjoying;   7) take;

2)  I have;                    8) are you doing;

3)  do you usually do;   9) I'm going;

4)  see;                       10) I love;

5)  visit;                       11) hope;

6)  sounds;                  12) you have.

2. Поставь глаголы в скобках в настоя­щее простое или настоящее продолженное время.

1)  drives;                     3) does;

2)  is sleeping;               4) are going;

5)  Are you coming;     8) don't know;

6)  are staying; 9) is running after;

7)  is;                          10) don't understand.

3. Расположи слова так, чтобы получились предложения.

1.  Не doesn't like heavy traffic.

2.  Do you usually travel by car?

3.  I am not going to the library today.

4.  The police are running after a shoplifter.

5.  We drive eight miles every morning.

6.  At the moment, they are milking the cows.

7.  Oxford street always is very noisy.

8.  Do you feed the chickens every day?

9.  Are you going to King's Cross by tube?

4. Обведи правильный вариант.

1)  tonight;                   5) twice a week;

2)  on Saturdays;         6) never;

3)  usually;                   7) today;

4)  At the moment;       8) always.

5. Дополни данные предложения модальны­ми глаголами should/shouldn't.

1)  should;        3) shouldn't;

2)  should;        4) should.

6. Обведи правильный вариант.

1) В;    5) В;

2) А;    6) А;

3) А;    7) В;

4) В;    8) В.

 

Translator's Corner l    p.10

7. 1. Переведи на английский язык:

a)  to lead a healthy lifestyle, peace and quiet, convenient public transport, beautiful/amazing land­scapes, to switch off a mobile (phone), crowded streets, heavy traffic, to install an alarm system;

b)  to drive safely, to read the text carefully, to behave badly, to run into a friend;

c)  on Sundays, to go to the beach, to play volleyball, to chat with friends.

8. 2. Переведи предложения:

l. You should always have an ID in a strange city. 2. He looks/is looking very tired. He should go to the country to relax away from the hustle and bustle. 3. Mark usually reads at his time but today he is playing board games with his friend. 4. We ran out of sugar, we should go and buy some. 5. Do you feel homesick when you are on holiday?

9. 3. Переведи текст:

Kolomenskoye is my favourite place in Moscow. If you are interested in history you can learn a lot of things there, especially about the period of Peter

I. I like folklore festivals with their bright costumes, folk songs and dances and traditional Russian dishes very much. I enjoy the beautiful views of the park and the Moskva-river. Fresh air, peace and quiet of the historical places make the visitors really happy. Kolomenskoye is one of the most popular places to visit for Muscovites and tourists from all over Russia and foreign countries.

Модуль 2

Раздел 2а — Book worms    p.11

1. Дополни предложения словами, данными ниже.

1)  magnifying glass;     5) loyal;

2)  eyewitness; 6) obsession;

3)  fictional;                  7) appearance.

4)  investigation;

2. Используй фразы, чтобы дополнить диалог.

1.  В: he lived in France.

2.  В: he read an adventure novel.

3.  B: he studied medicine.

4.  B: bought a cape.

5.  B: he watched a comedy.

6.  B: she wrote mystery novels.

3. Прочитай текст и ответь на вопросы.

1. Colin Dexter.

2. Thames Valley Police/Oxford.

3. He liked classic cars and classical music, disliked spelling errors and bad grammar.

4. Inspector Morse's faithful young partner.

5. Yes.

 

Раздел 2b — A classic read    p.12

1. Сделай подписи к картинкам.

1)  raft; 4) initials;

2)  rocks;         5) cave;

3)  bushes;       6) compass.

2. Дополни предложения словами из рамки. Два слова не будут использованы.

1)  area;           4) discover;

2)  amazing;     5) nephew;

3)  Hide;          6) explore.

«Лишние» слова — professor, amazed.

3. Что делали или не делали эти люди, когда они были учениками? Запиши предло­жения, как в примере.

2.  Karen & Laura used to wake up early. They didn't use to sleep late.

3.  John used to stay in student halls. He didn't use to live with his parents.

4.  Abigal used to study all day. She didn't use to have a lot of free time.

5.  Derek & Mark used to work in a cafe.
6.  They didn't use to work in a music shop.

4. Обведи правильный ответ.

1) until; 4) until;

2) as soon as;   5) after;

3) after;            6) when

 

Раздел 2с — Vanished!    p.13

1. а) Найди слова в рамке, которые описы­вают:

feelings (чувства): confused; cosy; scared; relieved;

sounds people make  (человеческие звуки): gasp; snoring; yawn; chat; whisper;

ways of moving (способы движения): trip over; crawling;

the weather (погоду): stormy; lightning.

b) Используй слова из рамки в правильной форме, чтобы заполнить пропуски.

1)  confused;                    6) snoring;

2)  scared;                       7) relieved;

3)  crawling;                     8) whisper;

4)  stormy... lightning;     9) yawn;

5)  cosy;                         10) trip over.

2. Прослушайте и отметьте правильный ответ.

Текст аудиозаписи Unit 2c, ex. 2 (p. 13)

1 What was Jenny scared of?

A: Poor Jenny she had a real shock the other day.

B: Why was there a storm? I know she hates lightning.

A: No, there wasn’t a storm.

B: OK! Did she see a snake?

A: No, silly! There was a mouse under her bed! She was so frightened!

2 What did he do last night?

A: Did you finish your homework last night?

B: No I didn’t, I decided to have the night off.

A: Did you play games on your computer?

B: No, I went to the cinema with my sister.

3 What time did she finish school today?

A: When did you get home, Alison?

B: Quarter to three.

A: But I thought school finished at three thirty

B: Yes, but they let us go home early today, so the bell went at two thirty.

4 Who are they describing?

A: So what did the thief look like?

B: Well, he had a moustache, but not a beard

A: Did he have blond hair?

B: No. It was brown.

Ключи:  1- a,  2- c, 3- a,  4- c

 

Writing (a story)   p.14

1.а) Прочитай историю и расположи абза­цы в правильной последовательности.

1-D,  2-C,  3-B,  4-A.

b) В каких абзацах рассказывается о:

1)  D,  2) B-C,  3) A

2. Расставьте события из истории в правильном порядке.

1 – 3;  2 – 4;  3 – 5;  4 – 1;  5 – 2.

 

Grammar Practice    p.15

1. а) Заполни таблицу соответствующими глаголами.

-ed: watch (watched), call (called), fill (filled)

double consonant + -ed: stop (stopped), drop (dropped)

-d: solve (solved)

(y) -ied: cry (cried), try (tried)

irregular: find (found), tell (told), dive (drove), take (took), go (went), feel (felt), send (sent)

b) Дополни предложения, используя глаголы из таблицы.

1)  solved;        9) felt;

2)  drove;         10) dropped;

3)  went;          11) called;

5)  washed;      12) stopped;

6)  sent;           13) tried;

7)  cried;          14) filled;

8)  took;          15) found.

2.  Используй данные слова, чтобы сформулировать вопросы и ответь на них.

2. Did you visit grandparents at the weekend? Yes, I did./No, I didn't.

3. Did you finish your homework? Yes, I did./No, I didn't.

4. Did you help with shopping? Yes, I did./No, I didn't.

3. Поставь глаголы в скобках в простое прошедшее время.

1)  was;           8) confused;

2)  decided;     9) didn't know;

3)  told;            10) struck;

4)  went;          11) noticed;

5)  came;         12) heard;

6)  began;        13) said;

7)  scared;       14) felt.

4. Заполни пропуски формами простого прошедшего времени глаголов из списка.

1)  lost;            4) stopped;

2)  found;         5) managed;

3)  went;          6) had not got.

5. Обведи правильный ответ.

1) С;    2) В;    3) А;    4) А;    5) С;    6) В;    7) С.

 

Translator's Corner 2   p.16

6. 1. Переведи на английский язык:

a) science fiction; a funny story with a happy end; a mystery/detective story writer; fiction; an adventure

story about a professor and his nephew; the biography of a famous writer; to discover sth; to break a compass; to explore the area;

b) a loud snore; to snore loudly; to sigh sadly; a sad sigh; a quiet whisper; to whisper quietly; to cry suddenly; to yawn funnily;

c) to go on a dangerous journey; to travel in a submarine; at first glance; to hide behind the bushes; to get back to smb; to go out; a gust of wind.

7. 2. Переведи предложения:

1. Conan Doyle used to write history novels but he became popular because of his detective and mystery stories. 2. Professor Black used to explore desserts so he knows a lot about the animals that lives there. 3. I used to read only science fiction or fairy tales and now I like adventure stories. 4. When I came to see my granny I and my friends used to play hide-and-seek in the big cave. 5. What's the matter? You look upset.

8. 3. Переведи диалог:

— Hi, Andrew!

— Hi, Mary. You are looking excited. Is everything OK?

— You'll never guess what happened to me!

— What's the matter?

— They took my story at the children's magazine and are going to publish it!

—That's amazing! What is the story about? What is going on there?

— It's a detective story in which a teenager solves a very hard mysterious case.

—That's interesting! I'm glad for you. 

Модуль 3

Раздел 3а — Lead the way!    p.17

1. Какие хобби у этих людей? Подпиши картинки.

1)  fencing;                   4) collecting stamps;

2)  skateboarding;        5) playing chess;

3)  knitting;                   6) ice-skating.

2. Прочитай описания. Какие прилагательные, означающие характер, можно подобрать к этим описаниям?

1)  sociable;     4) patient;

2)  curious;       5) imaginative.

3)  daring;

3. Выбери правильное значение слов, выделенных жирным шрифтом.

1) a;  2) b;  3) a;  4) b.

4. Выбери правильный вариант.

1) С;   2) А;   3) В;   4) С;   5) А.

5. Прослушайте, как Салли описывает своих друзей. Что она любит в каждом из них?

Текст аудиозаписи Unit 3a, ex. 5 (p. 17)

Steve: So, Sally how are things at your new school? Did you make any new friends?

Sally: It was difficult in the beginning but you have to be patient with people until they get to know you better. Now I’ve got quite a few friends!

Steve: What are they like?

Sally: Well, Debbie is the person I hang out with the most. She’s excellent at painting and dancing but she’s not practical at all.

Steve: I guess she’s very artistic.

Sally: That’s right! Another person I like but don’t get the chance to see very often is Peter.

Steve: Why’s that? Is he so sociable that you can’t get hold of him easily?

Sally: No, it’s just that he’s so mad about sport that he never has time for anything else. I wish I was as fit as him!

Steve: What about the girls you mentioned the other day, Lisa and Melanie?

Sally: Actually, it’s Lisa and Stephanie. They’re very nice too! Lisa is very daring and Stephanie is so practical! Sometimes I’m jealous of the way she deals with problems!

Steve: You haven’t mentioned Alistair yet, the first guy you met at school.

Sally: I haven’t seen him for some time now. He’s so determined to pass his exams that he spends all his free time studying!

Ключи:  1 a;  2 f;  3 d;  4 g;  5 h.

 

Раздел 3b — Who's who?   p.18

1. Дополни предложения подходящими сло­вами.

1)  spiky;                      5) curly;

2)  ugly;                        6) slim;

3)  in her twenties;        7) scar.

4)  cute;

2. Обведи правильное слово.

1)  interested;   3) excited;

2)  bored;        4) disappointing.

3. Расположи прилагательные в правильном порядке.

1)  kind middle-aged English;

2)  scruffy old;

3)  funny young German;

4)  beautiful Italian;

5)  tall young British;

6)  easy-going short elderly.

4. Выберите верный ответ.

1.B;  2.B;  3.C;  4.B

 

Раздел 3c — Against all odds    p.19

1. Используй слова, чтобы заполнить про­пуски.

1)  ingenious;    4) determined;

2)  artistic;        5) hardworking.

3)  brave;

2. Выбери правильный фразовый глагол.

1) А;   2) В;   3) В.

3. Используй слова, которые даны в скобках в конце каждой строки, чтобы образовать слово, подходящее к фразе.

1)  scientist;      3) politician;

2)  inventor;     4) actor.

5. Прочитай статью и выбери правильный ответ.

1) B;  2) A;  3) C;  4) B;  5) A.

 

Writing (a descriptive article)    p.20

1. Прочитай статью о велосипедисте Лэнсе Армстронге и расположи абзацы в правиль­ной последовательности.

1- D;    2- А;    3 - C;    4 - В.

2. Снова прочитай статью и заполни пер­сональную карточку.

Name: Lance Amstrong

Date of birth: September 18, 1971

Appearance: tall, slim, short blond hair and blue eyes.

Achievements: won Tour de France 7 times; beaten cancer; best cyclist in the world.

3.Напишите статью для школьного журнала о любимом друге или члене семьи (100-200 слов).

(Suggested Answer)

I really admire my elder brother. His name is Daniel and he works as a fire fighter. He was born in the same place as me, Cambridge, in January 1976. He is tall and skinny although he is very fit. He has very short brown hair and he wears an earring in his left ear.

He has worked for the fire department for 6 years. In that time he has helped save many people. Once, he carried a baby to safety from a very tall block of flats. He was given an award for that.

He wants to become a fire chief one day and be in charge of an area; maybe even Fire Chief for the whole country.

I admire Daniel because he wants to help people and because he is determined and passionate about life and his work. 

 

Grammar Practice    p.21

1. Используй прилагательные, чтобы описать людей или предметы.

1)  talented slim Chinese;

2)  hardworking young Russian;

3)  lovely small wooden;

4)  old traditional Greek;

5)  nice new Asian;

6)  smart tall British;

7)  handsome middle-aged French.

2. Обведи правильный вариант.

1) В;      2) А;      3) В;      4) А;      5) А;      6) А.

3. Заполни правильным относительным ме­стоимением или наречием.

1)  when;         4) which;

2)  what;          5) why.

3)  who;

4. Обведи правильный ответ.

1) В;      2) А;      3) В;      4) В;      5) В;      6) А,

5. Подчеркни правильное слово.

1)  amused;      5) whose;

2)  where;        6) does;

3)  beautiful;     7) back;

4)  away;         8) funny;

9)   why;        12) where.

10)  up;

11)  Why;

 

Translator's Corner 3      p.22

6. 1. Переведи на английский язык:

a)  a magazine about boxing, to go ice-skating in the Sports Centre, to be interested in painting, a curious child, an imaginative writer;

b)  to come up with new ideas, to give the secret away, a boring article, a disappointed young man, to give up smoking, to give back a book to the library;

c)  famous with his poems, to be scared of dogs, to pay attention to the landscape, to cope with a difficult task.

7. 2. Переведи предложения:

1.  A person who works with animals should be kind and patient.

2.  My father's friend who came from Moscow yesterday is a famous science fiction writer.

3.  What is he like? — He's sociable and very friendly.

4.  What does his sister look like? — She's a short thin girl of about twenty with funny pigtails and pretty freckles.

5.  Be determined not to give up on your dream of becoming a writer. You have a real talent.

8. 3. Переведи текст:

We can learn a lot about Russian peasants' children in the 19th century from the poems by the great Russian poet N. Nekrasov. Their life was not easy. They got up very early and helped their parents in their hard work. They fed animals, worked in the fields, picked up mushrooms and berries in the forest. The great Russian writer I. Turgenev also described their interests, favourite games and free time activities. For example, he described vividly the children's gatherings round the bonfire after work at night where they enjoyed telling scaring stories about ghosts and house-spirits. 

Модуль 4

Раздел 4а — News stories    p.23

1. Прочитай заголовки и распредели их по разделам газеты.

1) С;    4) D;

2) F;    5) В;

3) Е;    6) А.

2. Заполни пропуски словами из рамки.

1)  interview;    4) articles;

2)  celebrity;     5) daily;

3)  local;          6) fashion,

3. Поставь глаголы в скобках в прошедшее продолженное время.

1.  A: were you doing; В: was chatting.

2.  A: were your parents doing; B: were cooking.

3.  A: Was your sister sleeping; B: was not sleeping/was taking.

4. Что эти люди делали в 3 часа пополудни вчера? Задай вопросы и ответь на них. Используй глаголы.

2. A: Was Derek walking the dog yesterday at 3:00?

    B: No, he wasn't walking the dog. He was sending an e-mail.

3. A: Was Bob cooking a meal yesterday at 3:00?
    B: No, he wasn't cooking a meal. He was talking on his mobile phone.

4. A: Were Teresa and Al sleeping yesterday at 3:00?

    B: No, they weren't sleeping. They were reading a book.

 

Раздел 4b — Did you hear about..?   p.24

1. Закончите фразы.

1 ....... where they had gone.

2 ....... this investigation.

3 ....... we wouldn’t get along.

4 ....... hear that he lost his job.

5 ....... his rude behaviour.

6  Failing my English test........

7 ....... the problem was solved.

2. Используй фразу, чтобы дополнить диа­лог. Здесь есть одна фраза, которая тебе не пригодится.

1)  Listen to this;            3) How horrible.

2)  That's unbelievable;

3. Поставь глаголы в скобках в простое прошедшее время или в прошедшее продол­женное время.

1)  Were you watching... rang;

2)  saw... was walking;

3)  wasn't sleeping... arrived;

4)  was traveling... remembered;

5)  were the children studying... was preparing;

6)  were... delivered.

4. Заполни пропуски, используя слова with, off или on.

1)  with;           3) off;

2)  off            4) on.

5. Прослушайте аудиозапись и дополните фразы недостающей информацией. Прилавки книжного магазина.

Текст аудиозаписи Unit 4b, ex. 5 (p. 24)

‘Borders’ is a chain of bookshops in Britain. Their flagship store is on Oxford Street, in London. It has three floors and you may be surprised to find out it doesn’t only sell books!

On the first floor you will find all the different newspapers. There is also a wide selection of magazines, which cater for every interest. So, not only are there all the popular magazines, but those for people with specialist interests as well, like computing, drama and literature.

The main collection of books is on the second floor. There are both fiction and non-fiction books of every description. You can find everything from Harry Potter to the Da Vinci code!

On the third floor there is a stationery shop and a café. When you visit the café be sure to take a book or newspaper with you as there are lots of comfortable sofas to sit and read on while you enjoy a coffee! Borders is open six days a week from 9 until 6pm.

Ключи: 1) magazines; 2)books; 3) stationery; 4) cafe; 5) 6 pm

 

Раздел 4с — Take action!   p.25

1. Заполни пропуски данными словами.

1)  mayor;        5) pollution;

2)  attend;        6) stray;

3)  research;     7) ceremony.

4)  members;

2. Допиши: out, around, with, in, of.

1) of;                4) out;

2) around;        5) with

3) in;   

3. Прочитай текст и выбери А, В или С.

1)  С;      4) А;

2)  А;      5) С;

3)  В;      6) С.

4. Используй слова, расположенные справа от каждой строки, чтобы образовать сло­ва, подходящие к каждому предложению.

1)  conservation;          3) reporter;

2)  educational;            4) demonstration.

 

Writing (a news report)    p.26

1. Прочитай новостной репортаж и выбери правильный заголовок.

В — «Целы и невредимы благодаря супер-соба­ке».

2. Дополните предложения собственными словами.

1 ... she saved her owner from a fire.

2 ... started the fire

3 ... Belle was barking and scratching at her bedroom door

4 ... very intelligent and more than just a life saver

3. Прочитай заметки журналиста и план статьи. Затем напиши новостной репор­таж, используя как образец репортаж из упр. 1.

The clever dog saved his owner from drowning

On June 16th in Queensborough a Pomeranian named Hunter saved his owner from drowning in a dangerous river.

As John Smart was fishing he suddenly became ill and fell off the deck into the river. Hunter saw that his owner was in great danger and had to act quickly, before it was too late.

The clever dog ran up to the car where John's friend, Ted was asleep. Hunter barked and scratched the man's car door furiously until he woke up. Ted then saw what had happened and called the emergency services.

John was fine after a couple of days recovering in hospital. He was full of praise for Hunter as well, «I owe my life to Hunter. He truly is my best friend», he said.

 

Grammar Practice 4   p.27

1. Посмотри на расписание Питера, которое он придерживался вчера. Задай вопросы и ответь на них, как в примере.

2.  A: What was Peter doing yesterday at 8:45? B: He was watching TV.

3.  A: What was Peter doing yesterday at 10:30? B: He was going shopping.

4.  A: What was Peter doing yesterday at 12:15? B: He was having lunch with friends.

5.  A: What was Peter doing yesterday at 13:20? B: He was doing homework.

6.  A: What was Peter doing yesterday at 14:35? B: He was sending e-mails.

7.  A: What was Peter doing yesterday at 17:10? B: He was playing basketball.

2. Объедини предложения.

1) b;    2) с;    3) а.

3. Дополни предложения.

Например:

1.  her friend phoned her.

2.  was cleaning the room.

3.  her cat run away from the window.

4.  his mum asked him to stay at home and help her.

5. their parents came back.

4. Поставь глаголы в скобках в простое или продолженное прошедшее время.

1.    1) happened:  2) had;   3) was driving;  4) Did you go.

2.    1) was Claire doing;   2) phoned;  3) was listening;  4) Did she turned; 5) wanted.

3.   1) was reading;  2) heard;  3) happened;  4) was doing;  5) broke;   6) cut.

4.  1) was standing;  2) walked;  3) Did you see;  4) was wearing.

5.  1) did you do;  2) fainted;  3) called.

5. Обведи правильный вариант.

1)  was snowing ... looked;

2)  saw ... was walking;

3)  left... took;

4)  went;

5)  was sleeping ... called;

6)  was walking ... met;

7)  stayed;

8)  was cooking.

6. Обведи правильный ответ.

1) В;       5) А;

2) А;       6) В;

3) А;       7) А;

4) С;       8) С.

 

Translator's Corner 4    p.28

7. 1. Переведи на английский язык:

a) to read international news; to listen to the weather report; to take part in a chat show; to feel worried; to be shocked; a curious boy; to watch channel 1;

b) to go on writing a novel; a favourite TV channel; a reasonable rule; an enjoyable music show; to go with a dress;

c) to come to the rescue; to fall off the balcony; thanks for the story; to get out of the car; to share the information with smb; to come up with the idea; to be proud of one's friends.

8. 2. Переведи предложения:

1. When you buy some fish, put it immediately into the fridge or it will go off. 2. These shoes don't go with the silk dress. 3. Tom went on speaking about his adventures but nobody was listening to him. 4. I'd like to watch a documentary about animals, turn on Channel 5, please. 5. Club members of «Save Nature» take part in lots of activities to keep their region clean.

9. 3. Переведи текст:

Television is a powerful mass media which provides us with the latest international and local news, gossip about famous people, weather reports, and advertisements. Everyone can choose a channel and a programme to they fancy: a talk show, a music programme, an interview, a reality show, and different films. Television often changes our tastes, ideas, opinions because we believe what we see and hear. Its role in our life is great. 

Модуль 5

Раздел 5а — Predictions    p.29

1. Соедини слова, чтобы получились слово­сочетания.

1)  с;       4) а;

2)  е;       5) f;

3)  d;       6) b.

2. Обведи правильный вариант.

1) С;    2) В;    3) В;    4) А;    5) С.

3. Заполни   пропуски   словами  for,   after, forward и up.

1)  forward;      3) for;       

2)  after;           4) up.

4. Прочитай текст и выбери подходящее слово.

1) C;   2) A;   3) C;   4) C;   5) B;   6) C.

5. Выбери правильный ответ.

1)  will win;                 3) go;

2)  goes. .. will bring; 4) Will.

 

Раздел 5b — Gadget madness     p.30

1. Соедини слова, чтобы получились сло­восочетания. Затем используй их, чтобы составить предложения, как в примере.

1) e;  2) d;  3) b;  4) f;  5) c;  6) g;  7) a.

2.  Tina can't do without her MP3 player. She loves listening to music.

3.  Alan can't do without his e-book device. He loves reading electronic books.

4. Andy can't do without his mobile phone. He loves sending text messages.

2. Выбери фразы из рамки, чтобы допол­нить диалог.

1.  Really.

2.  I don't agree.

3.  I see what you mean but,

4.  You have a point.

5.  I agree.

3. Заполни пропуски правильными формами глаголов из скобок в будущем времени.

1)  will tidy;

2)  will look;

3)  isn't going to;

4)  Are we going to have/Are we having;

5)  is going to trip.

4. Составь предложения.

1) d;  2) c;  3) b;  4) a.

 

Раздел 5с — What's your opinion?    p.31

1. Дополни предложения данными словами.

1)  school assignments;    4) online;

2)  role models;                 5) motivates.

3)  keep notes;

2. Вставь на место пропусков слова: What's more, However, To sum up, Moreover.

2)  What's more;          4) To sum up.

3)  However;

3. Прослушайте вопросы Джеймса о компьютерном журнале. Выберите А, В или С, чтобы ответить на вопросы 1-5. Вы услышите разговор дважды.

Текст аудиозаписи Unit 5c, ex. 5 (p. 31)

James: Steve, you’re very keen on computers, aren’t you?

Steve: Yes.

James: Well, I was wondering, is there any computer magazine you particularly like reading?

Steve: There are loads. I used to like Pixel a lot, then I was hooked on Byte but now my favourite is Compumania.

James: Is it expensive?

Steve: It’s £2.00 but if you get a subscription you can have it for £1.50 a month.

James: I see. Are there any offers?

Steve: Yes, there are gifts with every issue. Last month there was a free memory card and this month there’s a DVD.

James: What about the articles? Is there any information on online learning or web design?

Steve: I haven’t seen anything about online learning yet but there were instructions on how to make a web page last month. Plus a lot of interesting information on new gadgets such as web cameras and MP3 players.

James: Does this magazine have a website?

Steve: Yes. It’s www.compumania.com

Ключи:   1C;  2B;   3B;   4B;   5B

 

Writing (an opinion article).    P.32

1. Прочитай статью и расположи предло­жения на правильные места.

1) c;  2) b;  3) a;  4) d.

2. Посмотрите, что говорят предсказатели о будущем. Затем напишите несколько развернутых предложений о том, согласны вы с ними или нет. Используйте фразы из таблицы.

2 I think people will have holidays on other planets.

3 I don’t think there will be any teachers.

4 The way I see it people will eat food pills.

5 I don’t think there will be fewer wars.

6 I don’t think people will live in underwater cities.

3. Напишите статью на тему: «Что таит в себе будущее?».

What does the future hold?

Of course it’s impossible to know what will really happen in the future, but I think it’s important to think about the direction in which we seem to be heading.

I think that technology will help us to improve the lives of most people and I believe that everybody will have enough to eat. My opinion is that doctors will find cures for most diseases and that technological progress will also affect how we spend our free-time. In my opinion, people will go on holiday to space and we will see things that people today can only dream about.

Unfortunately, there is also the danger that some unpleasant things will happen, too. The way I see it, people will work until they are much older and some people think that people will fight for clean drinking water. I also fear that air pollution will make people very ill.

I think that the future will present us with many opportunities as well as some difficult challenges. However, humanity has survived well so far, so I am optimistic about the future.

 

Grammar Practice 5     p.33

1. Обведи правильный вариант.

1) B;  2) A;  3) B;  4) B;  5) B;  6) B;  7) A;  8) B.

2. Прочитай предложения и определи, что они выражают (А, В, С).

1) B;  2) A;  3) C;  4) C;  5) A;  6) B;  7) A.

3. Напиши ответы на эти заявления, ис­пользуя форму простого будущего времени.

1.  I’ll tidy it.

2.  I'll get it.

3.  I'll close the window.

4.  I'll get the red/blue one.

5.  I'll buy it.

4. Выбери правильную форму.

1) re going to;      4) will;

2) ‘ll;                    5) ‘ll;

3) are going to;    6) ‘ll;

5. Поставь глаголы в скобках в простое будущее или простое настоящее время.

1)  won't go;    5) will win;

2)  'll turn on;    6) 'll be;

3)  is;               7) hear;

4)  comes;        8) lock.

6.  Обведи правильный вариант.

1) B;  2) A;  3) C;  4) A;  5) A;  6) C;  7) A;  8) A;  9) B.

 

Translator's Corner 5     p.34

7. 1. Переведи на английский язык:

a)  to take pictures with a digital camera, to listen to music with headphones, to cause air and water pollution, online schools;

b)  sunny and windy weather, a dangerous sport, a national educational project, useful advice, rainy autumn;

c)  to change for the better, to look forward to holidays, to look for a new novel by the favourite author, to look up a new word in the electronic dictionary.

8. 2. Переведи предложения:

1. I'm sure our school will be different in 20 years. 2. When I learn the exam result, I'll send you a message. 3. He can't live without his laptop. If he takes it with him to the summer camp, he will spend the whole month by the computer. 4. If my parents go to the theatre, I’ll have to stay at home to look after my little brother. 5. I'm looking forward to meeting my English pen friend.

9. 3. Переведи диалог:

Can you help me with my new digital camera?

Sure, what's the problem?

I don't know how to see the photos on my PC.

Have you got a special device called a card-reader?

I'm afraid not.

Then we need the wires that go with the camera. Where are they?

Here they are, in the box.

All right. Now connect this wire to the computer and to the camera.

Got it! What's next?

Press this button and follow the instructions on the screen.

Thanks a lot. That was easier than I thought. 

Модуль 6

Раздел 6а — Fun starts here!    p.35

1. Соедини слова, чтобы получились словосочетания. Затем используй их, чтобы составить предложения.

1)  с;          1) candy floss;

2)  а;          3) pirate ship;

3)  d;          2) haunted mansion;

4)  b.          4) souvenir shopping.

2. Поставь глаголы в правильную форму present perfect.

1.  A: Have you ever eaten; B: have heard.

2.  A: have never traveled.

3.  A: Have you ever explored; B: have not seen.

4.  A: have visited; B: have not been.

3. Прочитай походный дневник Тома. От­веть на данные вопросы.

1) A;    2) B;    3) C.

4. Заполни пропуски словами across, round, back и out.

1)  out;             3) across;

2)  round;         4) back.

 

Раздел 6b — Teen camps   p.36

1. Заполни пропуски. Какие из упомянутых вещей ты можешь видеть на картинках?

Have:   acting  classes,   dance   classes,   painting classes, IT classes.

На картинке: painting classes.

Go: rafting, hiking, swimming.

На картинке: rafting.

Make: a tree house, a webpage, a robot.

На картинке: a tree house.

Play: volleyball, an instrument, video games.

На картинке: an instrument

2. Обведи правильное слово.

1) C;  2) A;  3) B;  4) C;  5) C;  6) C;  7) C.

3. Дополни диалог.

1)  Would you like;      4) I'm afraid I can't;

2)  That sounds;           5) How about;

3)  you fancy;               6) love to.

 

Раздел 6с — A whale of a time!    p.37

1. Объедини слова из двух колонок. Исполь­зуй получившиеся словосочетания, чтобы дополнить предложения.

A.     1) d;  2) e;  3) c;  4) b;  5) a.

В.

1)  water skiing;           4) wave riding;

2)  hair-raising rides;    5) theme park.

3)  souvenir shopping;

2. Дополни предложения словами has/have gone или has/have been в нужной форме.

1)  has... gone;

2)  Have... been;

3)  has gone;

4)  has been;

5)  have... been;

6)  has gone;

7)  has gone.

3. Прослушайте и допишите недостающую информацию.

Текст аудиозаписи Unit 6c, ex. 3 (p. 37)

A: California Adventure Summer Camp. How can I help you?

B: Oh, hello. My name is Sam Roberts and I would like some information about the camp.

A: Sure. First of all, you must be between 12 and 17 years old to join.

B: I’m turning 12 next month, is that ok?

A: Yes, that should be fine.

B: What can you do at the camp?

A: Loads of exciting things! You can have lots of fun in the water surfing, wave riding and scuba diving. There’s a scheduled visit to a famous theme park every week and you can also learn survival skills while hiking in the mountains.

B: That sounds terrific! When do your sessions start?

A: Our sessions run from June 15 to September 25.

B: And how much do they cost?

A: It’s $500 for a two week session and $950 for a four week session.

B: Right. Thank you very much.

A: Goodbye.

Ответы: 1 17;  2 surfing;  3  25( th);  4 Two-week;  5 $ 950

 

Writing (an advert)   p.38

1. Прочитай объявление и заполни пропуски одним словом.

1)  It;        4) а;

2)  of;        5) be.

3)  the;

2. Прочитай объявление снова. Найди, в каких абзацах упоминаются эти слова.

1.  2nd paragraph.

2.  4th paragraph.

3.  1st paragraph.

4.  3rd paragraph.

3. Переставь абзацы в правильном порядке, чтобы получилась объявление о путеше­ствии по замку Стерлинг.

1 -С;   2-А;   3-D;   4 - В.

 

Grammar Practice 6     p.39

1. Запиши правильную форму причастия прошедшего времени для каждого глагола. Обведи эти слова в пазле.

1) bought;        7) had;

2) seen;            8) given;

3) gone;           9) done;

4) been;           10) told;

5) come;          11) shown;

6) eaten;          12) heard;

13) written;       16) met.

14) brought;

15) taken;

2. Поставь глаголы в простое совершенное время, чтобы получились вопросы.

1)  Has he ever ridden;

2)  Have you ever spoken;

3)  Have they ever eaten;

4)  Has she ever visited;

5)  Have you ever seen;

6)  Has Rita ever been.

3. Дополни предложения глаголами has/ have gone или has/have been в соответ­ствующей форме.

1)  have gone;       4) has gone;

2)  has been;         5) have been.

3)  has been/gone;

4. Ответь на вопросы о себе, используя краткие ответы.

Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.

5. Заполни пропуски словами already, yet, just, ever или never.

1)  already;      3) already;

2)  yet;             4) yet;

5)  never;         8) just;

6)  ever;           9) never;

7)  just;            10) ever.

6. Образуй прилагательные с противопо­ложным значением от слов, данных в скоб­ках в конце каждой строки.

1)  unforgettable;          4) irresponsible;

2)  unbelievable;           5) illogical;

3)  impossible;             6) unbalanced.

 

Translator's Corner 6    p.40

7. 1. Переведи на английский язык:

a)  to go on a rocket journey; to see trapeze artists; to see/explore famous landmarks; to ride on the big wheel; to eat candy floss; to reserve a place (at a summer camp);

b)  an illogical answer; an impossible task; an unbelievable story; an irresponsible boy; a two-week holiday;

c)  to shake friends hands; to come across ghosts; to go hiking; to be to a camp; to come round.

8. 2. Переведи предложения:

1. This science fiction story has just come out. I've never read anything like it! 2. I have already come back from the Sports camp. We learnt to survive in the forest: to put up tents, build fires. 3. — Have you already planned your summer holidays? — My parents have already booked three weeks in the Tech camp. 4. Mike has gone to the circus. He is fond of clowns, performing tricks. 5. Do you fancy going to the cinema? — I'd love to!

9. 3. Переведи текст:

I have had unforgettable holidays! I have been to Port Aventura, a world-famous theme park in Spain. Here you explore five fairy worlds, among them the mysterious Chinese Empire and the fantastic Wild West. You enter the world of fantasy where you can go on an exotic journey through space and time to explore different great world cultures and ancient civilizations. I enjoyed having hair-rising rides, for example riding on a rollercoaster, and going on a water ride.

Модуль 7

Раздел 7а — Walk of fame     p.41

1. Подпиши картинки.

1)  figure skater;           4) model;

2)  opera singer;           5) TV presenter;

3)  film director;           6) comedian.

2. Разгадай кроссворд. Какое слово полу­чатся под номером 7 ?

1)  comic;        5) successful;

2)  attractive;    6) great.

3)  talented;      7) intelligent.

4)  rich;

3. Используй прилагательные из таблицы, чтобы составить предложения, описываю­щие этих актрис.

Например:

1.  Meryl Streep is the most talented actress of all.

2.  Whoopi Goldberg is funnier than Keira Knightley.

3.  Whoopi   Goldberg  is   the  least   well   known actress.

4.  Keira Knightley is as successful as Meryl Streep.

5.  Whoopi Goldberg is more successful than Keira Knightley.

6.  Keira Knightley is the most beautiful actress of all.

7.  Meryl Streep is less funny than Whoopi Goldberg.

8.  Keira Knightley is the least talented of all.

4. Измени второе предложение таким обра­зом, чтобы у него было такое же значение, как у первого.

1)  as smart as; 4) more money than;

2)  the funniest film;      5) the best performer.

3)  more loudly than;

 

Раздел 7b — DVD frenzy!     p.42

1. а) Прочитай характеристику некоторых жанров кино. Какой жанр описывается?

1)  comedy;                 4) adventure

2)  science-fiction;        5) animation;

3)  romance;               6) fiction.

b) К какому жанру принадлежит каждый фильм?

1)  comedy — Е;               4) adventure — D;

2)  science-fiction — В;   5) animation — F;

3)  romance — С;            6) fiction — D.

2. Используй данные фразы, чтобы допол­нить диалог.

1)  Would you like;

2)  quite like the cinema;

3)  How about;

4)  I've already seen it;

5)  Any other suggestions;

6)  That's a great idea.

3. Поставь глаголы, данные в скобках, в простое прошедшее или настоящее совер­шенное время.

1)  have not seen;

2)  saw;

3)  have ever seen;

4)  has never driven;

5)  did not like;

6)  Did you watch;

7)  has not been.

4. Заполни пропуски словами on, off, into или in.

1) off;   2) into; 3) on;   4) in.

 

Раздел 7с — In the charts!        p.43

1. Найди лишнее слово.

1)  tune;           4) instrument;

2)  voice;         5) charts.

3)  role;

2. Используй слова, данные в конце каждой строки, чтобы образовать слова, подходя­щие к каждому предложению.

1)  careless;       4) thoughtful;

2)  successful;    5) careful.

3)  speechless;

3. Прослушайте беседу Эрики и ее друга в музыкальном магазине. Какой музыкальный стиль нравится ее друзьям?

Текст аудиозаписи Unit 7c, ex. 3 (p. 43)

Erica: Patty, fancy seeing you here!

Alison: Hello Erica! I’m looking for a birthday present for Paul.

Erica: Why don’t you get him Shakira’s latest album. He loves pop music.

Alison: Great idea! Have you seen Susan lately?

Erica: No, I haven’t seen her since we went to that jazz concert in the park.

Alison: Oh yes, Susan is a big jazz fan, isn’t she?

Erica: Unlike Pat. All she ever listens to is awful head banging heavy metal music. I’m surprised she can still hear!

Alison: Oh guess what? Stephanie called me the other day.

Erica: Is she still really into rap music? Remember those funny baggy trousers she used to wear?

Alison: No way! She invited me to a classical music concert at the town hall.

Erica: Goodness me! What next?

Alison: Don’t worry though! Alan still loves rap!

Erica: Well, nothing changes there then! Haha

Ответы: 1g;  2a;  3f;   4h;   5d

4. Прочитай текст. Затем отметь предложения Т (верно) F (неверно) DS (ничего не говорится об этом).

1)  Т;   5) DS;

2)  F;   6) Т;

3)  Т;   7) F.

4)  F;

 

Writing (a film review)      p.44

1. Посмотри на картинку. К какому жанру относится этот фильм?

Shrec is an animated film.

2. а) Отметь галочкой, что из нижепере­численного автор включил в рецензию.

recommendation — /

the main parts of the story — /

the setting — /

the name of the cinema —

main characters — /

the ending —

type of film — /

title - /

b) Какие слова использованы, чтобы реко­мендовать фильм?

This  film   is  well  worth  seeing.   I  strongly recommend Shrek for those who are looking for a film the whole family can enjoy.

3. Напишите рецензию на фильм, используя информацию ниже. Используйте предыдущую рецензию, как модель.

Spiderman is a great adventure film. The story takes place in New York City. The main characters are Peter Parker, Mary Jane Watson and Norman Osborn. Peter Parker is a student who does not have many friends. One day a spider bites him in a museum. He gets special powers from the Spider’s bite and soon he can do anything that a Spider can do.

He wants to stop Norman Osborn from hurting people and he likes to help people who need him, such as Mary Jane Watson, the girl he likes.

Spiderman is a very exciting film and is well worth seeing. It is fun for the whole family.

 

Grammar Practice 7     p.45

1. Подчеркни правильное слово.

1)  better;         6) most;

2)  funnier;       7) good;

3)  worst;         8) more;

4)  most;          9) harder;

5)  taller;          10) oldest.

2. а) Заполни таблицу.

Adjective

Comparative

Superlative

great

greater

greatest

famous

more famous

most famous

funny

funnier

funniest

clever

cleverer

cleverest

attractive

more attractive

most attractive

noisy

noisier

noisiest

short

shorter

shortest

intelligent

more intelligent

most intelligent

rich

richer

richest

loud

louder

loudest

well

better

best

quietly

more quietly

most quietly

beautifully

more beautifully

most beautifully

badly

worse

worst

b) Используй прилагательные и наречия из таблицы, чтобы дополнить письмо.

1)  great;                5) richer;

2)  famous;            6) worst;

3)  shorter;            7) greatest.

4)  more beautifully;

3. Поставь глаголы в скобках в простое про­ шедшее или настоящее совершенное время.

1)  have known;               4) stopped;

2)  have met;                    5) have got;

3)  Have you finished;    6) bought.

4. Используй подсказки, чтобы сравнить людей на картинках, как в примере.

Например:

David is older then Cindy.

Ted is taller then Simon.

Simon is shorter then Ted.

Carol and Cindy are happier then Ted and Simon.

Carol is more handsome then Cindy.

Cindy is more handsome then Carol.

 

Translator's Corner 7     p.46

6. 1. Переведи на английский язык:

a)  a successful director, a talented opera singer, a favourite character of American cartoons, jazz music concerts, an album by the young rock star;

b)  to be careful, to follow helpful advice, to stay speechless, to turn/switch on the computer, to turn into a fairy;

c)  for a long time, since he finished school, since last night, hundreds of thousands of fans, two tickets for 6 pm showing.

7. 2. Переведи предложения:

1. What Russian cartoon is the funniest from those you have seen? 2. This young actor is not as famous as many other film stars, but he is one of the most talented actors in our cinema. 3. He has been famous with his roles in thrillers for 15 years. 4. My parents haven't been at the cinema for many years. They prefer classical music concerts. 5. My brother has become the winner of the TV quiz on the history of the world cinema.

8. 3. Переведи текст:

Last year I joined our school Cinema club. Each of us has our favourite film type: comedy, cartoons, fantasy, science fiction, thrillers or documentary. At our club meetings we speak about the history of our favourite genres. We also watch films and then discuss them. We have learned how to write reviews of the films we have seen. We sometimes have visitors working for film industry. They are directors, actors, cameramen and also film critics. Many of them say that they got interested in the cinema when they were children. 

Модуль 8

Раздел 8а — Save the earth    p.47

1. Соедини слова в колонке А со словами из колонки В и используй их, чтобы составить предложения.

1) b;     1) acid rain;

2) f;      2) factory waste;

3) g;     3) soil pollution;

4) e;     4) solar power;

5) c;     5) plant species;

6) a;     6) natural habitats;

7) d.     7) toxic fumes.

2. Дополни предложения глаголами в насто­ящем совершенном продолженном времени.

1)  have you been working;

2)  have been using;

3)  have been playing;

4)  have been losing.

3. Дополни предложения,   используя a, b или с.

1) с;     3) b;

2) а;     4) с.

 

Раздел 8b Eco-helpers    p.48

1. Назови эти предметы.

1)  nails — гвозди;

2)  ladder — лестница (стремянка);

3)  spade — лопата;

4)  hammer — молоток.

5)  watering can — лейка.

2. а) Соедини.

1)  a;   2)  e;   3) d;   4) c;   5) b.

b) Используй получившиеся фразы в нужной форме, чтобы закончить предложения. За­тем ответь на вопросы и подсчитай очки.

1)  collected rubbish;        4) planted flowers;

2)  cleaned out a pond;   5) recycling cans.

3)  built nesting boxes;

3. Выбери правильный ответ.

1) a;   2) a;   3) a.

4. Дополни вопросы.

1)  aren't we;    4) didn't it;

2)  hasn't it;      5) isn't it;

3)  don't we;    6) shall we.

5. Какие обязанности у охранников леса? Используй подсказки, чтобы составить предложения, как в примере.

1.  A forest guard has to wear a uniform.

2.  A forest guard doesn't have to plant trees.

3.  A forest guard has to patrol the forest.

4.  A forest guard doesn't have to feed wild animals.

5.  A forest guard has to fight forest fires.

6.  A forest guard doesn't have to build nesting boxes.

 

Раздел 8с — Born free    p.49

1. а) Посмотри на карту зоопарка и дай на­звание каждому вольеру, учитывая, какие там живут животные.

1) d;     4) а;

2) с;     5) f;

3) b;     6) е.

b) Под каким номером какое животное?

alligator — 1           parrot — 11

zebra — 5             elephant — 6

polar bear — 9      snake — 7

penguin — 8          hippo — 2

camel — 3             monkey — 10
giraffe — 4

2. Послушайте мужчину, который рассказывает о знаменитом подводном исследователе Жаке Иве Кусто, и заполните лист с фактами.

Текст аудиозаписи Unit 8c, ex. 2 (p. 49)

Jacques Yves Cousteau

Jacques-Yves Cousteau was born in France on 11th June, 1910. He was an explorer, ecologist, filmmaker, photographer and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life that live in water. He also helped to develop the aqua-lung, the first piece of scuba diving equipment. Cousteau explored the world’s oceans on his boat, Calypso and made a lot of documentaries, which brought unforgettable images into millions of homes. Thanks to him coral reefs, fearsome sharks and amazing fish all came to life on people’s TV screens! His documentaries have also helped people understand the unique problems the world’s marine environments face from water pollution and dangerous human actions. In 1956, he received an Academy Award for his breathtaking undersea documentary, The Silent World. Cousteau died in 1997 at the age of 87 but his grandchildren continue his work to this day.

Ключи:

1 1910               4 Calypso

2 France            5 World

3 explorer

 

Writing (a for-and-against essay)    p.50

1. а) Прочитай текст. Затем заполни про­пуски, используя слова из рамки.

1)  On the one hand;       4) To sum up;

2)  On the other hand;   5) However.

3)  Furthermore;

b) Выбери название для текста.

2. Animal testing: a blessing or a curse? — Тесты на животных: благо или бедствие?

2. Прочтите статью еще раз. Заполните таблицу.

Arguments for animal testing

2 has brought many benefits

3 helped discover ways to make people’s lives healthier

4 no other way to effectively test safety of drugs

Arguments against animal testing

1 experiments cause animals pain

2 animals have rights

3 not all tests have benefited humans

3. а) Вы за или против принятия бродячих животных? Заполните таблицу.

Arguments for adopting a stray animal

1 can give it a good home

2 keep animal off the street

3 save it from being killed

Arguments against adopting a stray animal

1 might be difficult to train

2 might not have enough space

3 might not get along with other pets/children

b) Используя идеи из упр. За, а также план, представленный ниже, пишите эссе.

Stray cats and dogs are a common problem in most cities these days. Should we try to help by adopting them or does that lead to other problems?

On the one hand, giving a good home to a stray is a wonderful thing to do. It will keep the animal off the streets and save it from being killed or leading a really miserable life.

On the other hand, animals that have lived on the street may be difficult to train. They might take up too much space as well. Furthermore, the animal may not get along with any other pets/children you already have.

To sum up, there are strong arguments both for and against adopting strays. I believe if you are thinking about adopting a stray you should think very carefully first as it would be terrible for everyone if you had to take your new arrival back to the rescue centre.

 

Grammar Practice 8    p.51

1. Подчеркни правильную форму глагола.

1)  have been talking;   4) has been studying;

2)  has gone;               5) have been working;

3)  cleaned;                 6) walked.

3. Дополни предложения оборотами have to, don't have to.

1)  don't have to;  4) have to;

2)  have to;           5) don't have to;

3)  have to;          6) don't have to.

4. Подчеркни правильное слово.

1)  have been learning;     5) stations;

2)  habitats;                       6) have to;

3)  have to;                       7) has been talking;

4)  has been damaging;    8) have been doing.

5. Подбери разделительные вопросы к этим утверждениям.

1) е;     4) b;

2) d;     5) с;

3) f;      6) а.

7. Обведи правильный ответ.

1)  С;       6) В;

2)  В;       7) В;

3)  В;       8) В;

4)  С;       9) С;

5)  А;      10) А.

 

Translator's Corner 8      p.52

8. 1. Переведи на английский язык:

a)  to emit toxic fumes; air and soil pollution; natural habitats; acid rains; factory waste;

b)  endangered animal species; to recycle cans; to collect rubbish;

c)  to make up sentences; to make out the handwriting, to make up a quarrel with smb; to clean out a pond; to join a club; arguments for and against; to wipe out many species of fish; to leave the city.

9. 2. 1. Переведи предложения:

1. — The government is trying to reduce air pollution, isn't it? — True, there are new rules how to use cars. 2. The children had to collect rubbish, didn't they? 3. Acid rains have been damaging to the forests of Sweden for many years. 4. — You've been building nesting boxes since morning, haven't you? — Yes, I'd like to finish as quickly as possible. Join me and help. 5. Take the gardening gloves, the rake and the watering can and help your dad in the garden.

10. 3. Переведи текст:

The ecological situation on the planet Earth is bad. Many species of birds and animals are in danger because of air, water and soil pollution. Acid rains poison water and soil. Many species of fish and plants are dying. We must do everything we can to reduce pollution of the environment. We should be friendly to Nature: plant flowers, collect rubbish for recycling, clean out ponds, rivers and lakes. We should try to preserve the animals' natural habitats. 

Модуль 9

Раздел 9a — You are what you eat!      p.53

1. Распредели продукты и напитки из списка покупок, заполнив таблицу.

Healthy food (здоровая еда): low-fat yoghurt, tuna, tomatoes, onions, brown rice, lettuce.

Junk food (вредная еда): ice-cream, frozen chips, bar of chocolate, white sugar, biscuits, chicken nuggets.

2. Вычеркни одно лишнее слово.

1)  chocolate (not vegetable);

2)  onions (not meat);

3)  tuna (not sweet);

4)  bananas (not dairy product).

3. Назови ёмкости, а потом то, что в них содержится.

1)  a tin of soup;                4) a bowl of salad;

2)  a box of chocolates;   5) a bottle of water.

3)  a cup of tea;

4. Дополни фразовые глаголы словами off, out, away или back.

1)  back;      3) away;

2)  off        4) out.

5. Что заказал Алекс? Выбери предложения А—Н, чтобы дополнить диалог. Здесь два лишних предложения.

1)F;    2) А;   3)G;  4) С;   5)D;   6) В.

6. Обведи правильный вариант.

1)  some;         6) a lot of;

2)  no;              7) a lot of;

3)  any;            8) some;

4)  any;            9) a few.

5)  a little;

 

Раздел 9b — Can I help you?     p.54

1. К каким магазинам подходит каждое объявление?

1)  F;   5) В;

2)  С;   6) G;

3)  А;   7) D;

4)  Е;   8) Н.

2. Представь, что ты в магазине. С кем ты будешь говорить, если ...

a)  security guard;

b)  manager;

c)  cashier;

d)  shop assistant;

e)  cleaner.

3. Обведи правильный ответ.

1) a;     4) b;

2) a;     5) a;

3) b;     6) b.

4. Обведи правильный ответ.

1) b;     3) b;

2) a;     4) b.

 

Раздел 9с — Gifts for everyone!    p.55

1. а) Напиши названия к каждой темати­ческой рамке и впиши недостающие слова.

A. pattern

1) striped

B. shape

2) rectangular   4) oval

3) square

C. material

5) wood(en)     6) metal

b). Посмотри на картинки и дополни диа­логи, в которых описываются предметы. Используй прилагательные.

1)  A rectangular black leather bag.

2)  In an antique wooden trunk.

3)  A colourful striped cap.

4)  A square metal picture frame.

5)  In a triangular brown wooden chest of drawers.

6)  A pair of red and white polka dot shorts.

2. Эмили покупает новые вещи. Послушайте диалог Эмили с консультантом магазина и ответьте на вопросы.

Текст аудиозаписи Unit 9c, ex. 2 (p. 55)

Shop assistant (a woman): Good morning. Can I help you?

Emily: Yes, please. I need a new outfit for a job interview.

Shop assistant: Would you like a jacket with a pair of trousers or a skirt?

Emily: I’d prefer a jacket with a matching skirt.

Shop assistant: Certainly. What size are you?

Emily: I’m a Small.

Shop assistant: All right then. We have it in blue, brown and orange.

Emily: I think I’ll try the orange one, please.

Shop assistant: Here you are. The changing rooms are over there.

Emily: Do you have any shoes to match?

Shop assistant: I’m afraid we haven’t got any here. You’ll have to take the escalator to Footwear.

Emily: Great. Thank you for your help.

Shop assistant: You’re welcome.

Ключи:  1C;  2A;  3C;  4B;  5A

 

Writing (an e-mail giving news)     p.56

1. Прочитай текст и выбери к каждому абзацу один из данных заголовков.

1) c;   2)  b;   3) a.

2. Составь список подарков, которые Пи­тер получил на день рождения.

2)  trendy black leather jacket;

3)  a silver watch with a round face;

4)  plain white trainers.

3. Представьте, что у вас была вечеринка по случаю вашего дня рождения. Составьте подробный список подарков, которые вы получили.

1 a brown leather jacket

2 an orange and black football

3 a wooden picture frame

4 a red and yellow checked skirt

5 some yellow and blue roller skates

4. Используя свои идеи из упр. 3, напишите электронное письмо вашему другу о дне рождения и подарках, которые вы получили.

Hi Rosie!

Thank you for your last e-mail. I’m sorry I didn’t reply sooner, but it was my birthday and I have been busy celebrating! I had a big party at the burger bar near my house and got some really brilliant presents. Let me tell you about them.

Firstly, my parents gave me a trendy brown leather jacket. It’s great, all the other kids will be so jealous when they see me in it. My brother gave me an orange and black football. I think it’s because I always steal his! My grandmother gave me a beautiful wooden picture frame. I think I’ll put a picture of my cat Jessie in it. My auntie gave me a red and yellow checked skirt. I was really happy with it as it’s the latest fashion. One of my favourite presents was a pair of blue and yellow roller-skates. My uncle Bob gave me them. He told me I must be careful when I wear them though.

I got lots of other things too, but I’ll tell you more when I see you. When is your birthday? I have a great present in mind for you.

See you soon,

Tina

 

Grammar Practice 9    p.57

1. Распредели существительные в таблице.

One (countable): banana, egg, sausage, hamburger, tomato.

Some (uncountable): salt, cereal, butter, bread, rice.

2. Заполни пропуски словами a few (несколь­ко)/а little (немного).

1)  a few;         4) a little;

2)  a little;         5) a few.

3)  a few;

3. Выбери правильный вариант.

1) some;          6) some;

2) a few;          7) no fruit;

3) some;          8) much;

4) a little;          9) no.

5) a lot of;       

5. Обведи правильный вариант.

1) A;     3) A;

2) В;     4) A.

6. Заполни пропуски глаголами в форме present perfect simple или present perfect continuous.

1)  is she known;             5) have been working;

2)  have been looking;    6) has gone;

3)  just bought;                7) have been going.

4)  has lost;

 

Translator's Corner 9     p.58

6. 1. Переведи на английский язык:

a)  healthy food, low-fat yoghurt, a large bar of milk chocolate, a first aid kit, cold drinks;

b)  to order hamburgers takeaway, a T-shirt of a different size, a pair of trainers, a black leather jacket, to take the sandals back to the shop;

c)  to have lunch in the school canteen, a jar of honey, to find the gloves of a larger size for the customer, to pack things for camp.

7. 2. Переведи предложения:

1. We have run out of fruit. Go and buy some apples and oranges. 2. For this pie I need some milk and flour, a few eggs and a little salt and sugar. 3. To be healthy you should drink a lot of fresh clean water. 4. My brother has been buying books in this bookshop since his childhood. 5. I like my mother's present very much. I have always wanted a handbag like this. 6. This blue dress suits you. And it fits. And the shoes match!

8. 3. Переведи диалог:

— Can you help me to buy food for my birthday party?

— With pleasure. Did you write your shopping list yourself?

— No, together with my mum. I only added souvenirs for games and contests.

— Do you need to buy any meat or fish? I don't know anything about it.

— Don't worry! This year we decided to have tea. So we'll buy some chocolates, cookies and fruit.

— What about the cake? I saw candles in the shopping list.

— We'll buy everything for the cake: some flour, eggs, some sugar, sour ream and nuts. My mum is going to make it herself. I'll help her. 

Модуль 10

Раздел 10a — Stress free    p.59

1. Соедини слова, чтобы получились слово­сочетания. Затем используй фразы в нуж­ной форме, чтобы дополнить предложения.

A:   1) b;  2) e;   3) d;   4) a;   5) c.

В.

1)  have moved house;

2)  am sitting an exam;

3)  throwing a party;

4)  lost something valuable;

5)  has things her way;

6)  practise playing a musical instrument.

2. Подбери название к каждому заболева­нию или проблеме.

1)  headache;   4) stomachache;

2)  toothache;   5) sore throat;

3)  earache;      6) sore eyes.

3. Обведи правильный ответ.

1)  separate;     4) harmless;

2)  blame;        5) unfair;

3)  around;       6) rumour.

4. Заполни пропуски словами apart, behind, out with.

1)  apart;          3) out with.

2)  behind;

5. Переделай предложения, как в примере.

2.  You shouldn't take an aspirin unless you have a headache.

3.  You shouldn't sit around doing nothing, unless you are on holiday.

4.  You shouldn't throw a birthday party, unless you have time to make the preparations.

5.  You shouldn't apologise unless you're the one to blame.

 

Раздел 10b — Accident-prone       p.60

1. Что случилось с каждым героем? Напиши вопросы и ответы, как в примере.

2.  A: What's wrong with her? В: She has twisted her ankle.

3.  A: What's wrong with him? B: He has bumped his head.

4.  A: What's wrong with him? B: He has cut his finger.

2. Выбери правильный ответ на загадки-каламбуры.

1) с;     2) а;     3) b;     4) d.

3. Обведи правильный ответ.

1) b;     2) с; .   3) b;     4) b.

4. Дополни диалог правильной формой воз­вратного местоимения.

1)  myself;           4) ourselves;

2)  themselves;   5) yourself.

3)  herself;

 

Раздел 10с — Doctor, doctor!     p.61

1. а) Используй данные глаголы, чтобы со­ставить словосочетания.

1) put;            2) have;

3) wash;        7) get;

4) put;            8) lie;

5) drink;        9) take.

6) eat;

b) Выбери фразы и дополни ими диалог.

Например:

1. ... drink a hot cup of tea.

2. ... put a cold pack on ....

3. ... take a painkiller.

2. Прослушайте и сопоставьте людей с их проблемами со здоровьем.

Текст аудиозаписи Unit 10c, ex. 2 (p. 61)

Lucy: Hi, Jenny! Are you feeling better today?

Jenny: Yes, I am, Lucy. I don’t have to stay in bed any longer. My fever is almost gone! Hopefully, I will be able to go to school tomorrow.

Lucy: That’s great news. We missed you.

Jenny: How’s everybody else?

Lucy: Well, Mike was sick too yesterday. He had a terrible earache. He went home to rest at lunchtime.

Jenny: Poor Mike.

Lucy: And Mary had a sore throat today. She couldn’t eat anything. As soon as she went home, her mum made her a hot cup of tea and from what I know she is feeling better already.

Jenny: Oh my, Lucy! Everybody seems to be sick.

Lucy: Even I had a problem with my teeth at the weekend. I had to go to the dentist.

Jenny: Are you feeling better now?

Lucy: Yes, I’m fine but my dad isn’t. He has sore eyes. The doctor said that he should rest and not work on his computer for at least a week. It’s strange seeing him at home relaxing.

Jenny: Well, I hope he feels better soon.

Lucy: Me too. So, I’ll see you tomorrow then?

Jenny: Definitely. I hope we’ll all be well by then!

Ключи:  1e;   2f;   3b;   4c;   5d.

3. Прочитай текст и отметь предложе­ния Т (верно) F (неверно) DS (ничего не говорится об этом).

1) T;   2) F;  3) T;  4) T;  5) F.

 

Writing (a letter giving advice)    p.62

1. а) Прочитай письмо и заполни пропуски.

1)  you should do;        4) It's better than;

2)  how about;              5) Let me know.

3)  Another suggestion;

b) Ответьте на вопросы.

1 Paula advises Annie to become part of the school by joining a drama club and she also suggests inviting some friends to study with her.

2 Paula thinks Annie will show people that she really wants to be a part of things and that Annie will soon get to know people better.

2. Отметь данные абзацы О (вступитель­ные слова) или С (заключительные слова).

Opening remarks — 1, 2, 5.

Closing remarks — 3, 4, 6.

3. Прочтите часть письма, которое Диана вам написала. В чем ее проблема?

Diana doesn’t understand what’s going on in class and she doesn’t feel comfortable about talking to her teacher.

Подбери к каждому совету причину, по которой он даётся.

1) c;   2) a;   3) b.

5. Напишите письмо с советом Диане. Используйте план и письмо из упр. 1 как модель.

Dear Diana,

Thank you for writing to me about your problem. I am sorry to hear that you are unhappy at school. I have some advice about how you can improve things.

The first thing you should do is tell your teacher now before you fall behind. Your teacher can’t know what your problem is if you don’t tell her. Why don’t you explain that you sincerely want to keep up in class. She won’t get angry. Ask her to give you more exercises for practice. After all, teachers are there to support you with extra work when you need it. I hope you find my advice useful. Don’t forget it’s up to you to make things happen. Let me know how things go. I think that you will soon understand a lot more.

All the best,

Fiona

 

Grammar Practice 10   p.63

1. а) Заполни пропуски правильными воз­вратными местоимениями.

Singular                      Plural

myself                         ourselves

yourself                       yourselves

himself/herself/itself       themselves

2. Заполни пропуски модальными глаголами must или mustn't.

1)  mustn't;       3) must;

2)  must           4) mustn't.

3. Перепиши предложения, используя if и unless, как в примере.

2. If she doesn't get some rest, she won't be able to continue her work.

3. Chris should go to school,  unless he has a stomachache.

4. Unless we hurry, we will miss lunch.

5. If I don't exercise regularly, my body won't stay healthy.

6. Unless Chloe studies, she won't get good marks.

7. If you  don't  learn  some  stress-management techniques, you won't know how to deal with stress.

8. Unless I call, they will be worried.

9. If Mr and Mrs Jones don't leave the house at 9:00 am, they will miss their flight.

10. If we don't think positively, the problem will be worse.

4. Обведи правильный вариант.

1) A;  2) C;  3) C;  4) A;  5) C;  6) B;  7) A;  8) A;  9) B;  10) A.

5. Используй слова в скобках в конце каж­дой строки, чтобы образовать подходящее слово.

1)  attractive;

2)  informative;

3)  imaginative;

4)  impressive;

5)  active.

6. Обведи правильный ответ.

1) C;  2) B;  3) C;  4) C;  5) C;  6) B.

 

Translator's Corner 10   p.64

7. 1. Переведи на английский язык:

a)  to throw a party; to practise sport; to twist an ankle; to sprain a wrist; to have stomachache; to break one's leg; to disagree with smb; a high fever; to feel exhausted;

b)  to wash with cold water; to hurt oneself badly; to behave well; to dress quickly; to do sth oneself; to feel bad; to rise from the ground; to cut oneself;

c)  to fall out with one's friends; to sit exams; the coat is falling apart; to take care of the younger brother; to fall behind the classmates.

8. 2. Переведи предложения:

1. I have the doctor's appointment at five. I have been having toothache for two days. 2. — My brother has sore eyes. — You should put drops in his yes and he feel better. 3. Be careful, the knife is very sharp, you can cut your finger. 4. — Boris has banged his head. I'm going to call for the ambulance. — And you should put a cold pack on his forehead now. 5. You have a high temperature. You should drink plenty of fluids.

9. 3. Переведи диалог:

Mum, I don't feel well.

What's the matter, sweetheart?

I have a headache.

I'll give you a painkiller.

And it hurts when I swallow.

Ann, let's take your temperature, shall we? You have a sore throat/your throat is sore and a slight temperature. I'm afraid you are coming down with a cold. Lie down, please.

But I'm practising volleyball tomorrow!

You'll have to stay a couple of days at home. I’ll call for the doctor. And now you should drink lots of warm water and get plenty of rest. 

 

 


О том, как читать книги в форматах pdf, djvu - см. раздел "Программы; архиваторы; форматы pdf, djvu и др."


 

 

 

 

Английский язык :

Правила произношения

Правила чтения

Грамматика англ. языка

Таблицы спряжения

Наиболее употребительные:

Слова TOP 2500

Неправ. глаголы 135

Фразовые глаголы 170

А также:

Разговорный язык

Редуцирован. формы

Англо-русские тексты

Французский яз.

Испанский язык

Немецкий язык

Другие языки

Учебные материалы и тематические ссылки по всем предметам и многое другое.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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